The Global State of Harm Reduction 2020
The Global State of Harm Reduction is the only report that provides an independent analysis of harm reduction in the world. Now in its the seventh edition, the Global State of Harm Reduction 2020 is the most comprehensive global mapping of harm reduction responses to drug use, HIV and viral hepatitis.
The report can be downloaded and read in full or by chapter below.
The Global State of Harm Reduction 2020 includes:
- A chapter which looks at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns on the provision of harm reduction services worldwide
- Additional thematic chapters on hepatitis C and tuberculosis
- Examples of progress in harm reduction from across the world
- Examples of legal and policy changes which impact harm reduction service provision
- Foreword by Dr Tlaleng Mofokeng, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Data on the number of people who inject drugs and the number of people in prison for drug use globally
View or download a PDF of the full report here.
Click here to download the maps and infographics from the report.
The chapter on Eurasia is available in Russian here.
The chapter on Latin America and the Caribbean is available in Spanish here.
The chapter on the Middle East and North Africa is available in Arabic here.
The chapter on sub-Saharan Africa is available in French here.
Map 1: Global availability of needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) in the community and in prisons
- NSP available in the community
- NSP available in the community and prison
- NSP not available
Map 2: Global availability of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in the community and in prisons
- OAT available in the community
- OAT available in the community and prison
- OAT not available
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Asia | ||||
Afghanistan | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Bangladesh | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Bhutan | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Brunei Darussalam | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Cambodia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
China | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Hong Kong | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
India | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Indonesia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Japan | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Laos | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Macau | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Malaysia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Maldives | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Mongolia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Myanmar | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Nepal | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Pakistan | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Philippines | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Singapore | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
South Korea | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Sri Lanka | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Taiwan | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Thailand | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Vietnam | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eurasia | ||||
Albania | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Armenia | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Azerbaijan | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Belarus | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Bulgaria | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Croatia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Czechia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Estonia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Georgia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Hungary | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Kazakhstan | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Kosovo | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Krygyzstan | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Latvia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Lithuania | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
North Macedonia | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Moldova | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Montenegro | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Poland | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Romania | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Russia | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Serbia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Slovakia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Slovenia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Tajikistan | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Turkmenistan | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Ukraine | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Uzbekistan | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Latin America and the Caribbean | ||||
Argentina | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
The Bahamas | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Bolivia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Brazil | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chile | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Colombia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Costa Rica | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Dominican Republic | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Ecuador | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
El Salvador | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Guatemala | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Guyana | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Haiti | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Honduras | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Jamaica | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mexico | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Nicaragua | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Panama | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Paraguay | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Peru | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Puerto Rico | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Suriname | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Uruguay | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Venezuela | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle East and North Africa | ||||
Algeria | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Bahrain | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Egypt | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Iran | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Iraq | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Israel | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Jordan | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ |
Kuwait | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Lebanon | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Libya | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Morocco | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Oman | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Palestine | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Qatar | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Saudi Arabia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Syria | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Tunisia | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
UAE | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Yemen | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
North America | ||||
Canada | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
United States | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oceania | ||||
Australia | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Fiji | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Kiribati | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Marshall Islands | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Micronesia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
New Zealand | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Palau | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Papua New Guinea | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Samoa | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Solomon Islands | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Tonga | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Vanuatu | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||
Angola | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Benin | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Burkina Faso | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Burundi | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Cameroon | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Cape Verde | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Central African Republic | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chad | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Côte d’Ivoire | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Djibouti | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Ethiopia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Gabon | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Gambia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Ghana | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Guinea | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Kenya | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Lesotho | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Liberia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Madagascar | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Malawi | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mali | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mauritius | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Mozambique | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Niger | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Nigeria | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Rwanda | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Senegal | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Seychelles | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Sierra Leone | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Somalia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
South Africa | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Tanzania | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Tanzania (Zanzibar) | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Togo | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Uganda | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Zambia | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Zimbabwe | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Country or territory | At least one needle and syringe programme operational | NSP in at least one prison | At least one opioid agonist therapy programme operational | OAT in at least one prison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Western Europe | ||||
Andorra | nk | nk | nk | nk |
Austria | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Belgium | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Cyprus | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Denmark | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Finland | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
France | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Germany | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Greece | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Iceland | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ireland | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Italy | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Luxembourg | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Malta | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Monaco | nk | nk | nk | nk |
Netherlands | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Norway | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Portugal | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
San Marino | nk | nk | nk | nk |
Spain | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Sweden | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
Switzerland | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Turkey | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
United Kingdom | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |