Global State of Harm Reduction - 2021 Update
The 2021 update to the key data in the Global State of Harm Reduction, found that the spread of harm reduction services continues to stall globally - a trend we have observed since 2012.
Findings
- In 2021, the total number of countries implementing needle and syringe programmes (NSP) has increased by just one, from 86 to 87. The new country is Uganda.
- Two new countries (Uganda and Mozambique) have begun implementing opioid agonist therapy (OAT) programmes since 2020. The total number of countries implementing OAT in 2021 is 86 (up from 84 in 2020).
- There were no reports of countries ceasing implementation of NSP, OAT, peer distribution of naloxone or shutting down drug consumption rooms.
- New search strategies identified an additional 11 countries with explicit supportive references to harm reduction in national policy documents. The total number in 2021 is 98.
The findings reflect the 95% funding gap for harm reduction in low-and middle-income countries. Rising new HIV infections among key populations, including among people who inject drugs, disruptions in HIV prevention programmes and services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing human rights violations that prevent people from accessing services mean that we need urgent investment in harm reduction and HIV prevention. The concurrent economic downturn caused by the pandemic and shrinking donor investments in the HIV response have resulted in an unprecedented challenge in meeting the goal of ending AIDS by 2030.
However, the Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026 gives exceptional urgency to HIV prevention and human rights by calling on governments and donors to significantly increase investments for harm reduction, including delivery by community-led organisations, and to remove policies and laws that prevent people who use drugs from accessing health and harm reduction services. Additionally, the newly adopted Global Fund Strategy 2023 -2028 puts people and communities at the front and centre of its work.
With only nine years left to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, we need governments and donors to step up and invest in harm reduction services and advocacy that will address inequalities driving poor health outcomes for people who use drugs.
The data presented here has been gathered over the course of 2021 from publicly available sources and in cooperation with our partners around the world. To report any inaccuracies, please contact us at office@hri.global
- At least one OAT programme in prison and in the community
- At least one OAT programme in the community only
- No OAT available
- At least one NSP in prison and in the community
- At least one NSP in the community only
- No NSP available
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Asia |
Afghanistan
|
Low income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Bangladesh
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Bhutan
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Cambodia
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
China
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Hong Kong
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
India
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Indonesia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Japan
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Laos
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Macau
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Malaysia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Maldives
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Mongolia
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Myanmar
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
Nepal
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Pakistan
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Philippines
|
Lower middle income
|
✓*
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Singapore
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
South Korea
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Sri Lanka
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Taiwan
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Thailand
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Vietnam
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 25
|
|
16
|
14
|
15
|
0
|
3
|
5
|
0
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Eurasia |
Albania
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Armenia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Azerbaijan
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Belarus
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Bulgaria
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Croatia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Czechia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Estonia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Georgia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Hungary
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Kazakhstan
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Kosovo
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Latvia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Lithuania
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Moldova
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Montenegro
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
North Macedonia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Poland
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Romania
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Russia
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Serbia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Slovakia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Slovenia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Tajikistan
|
Low income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Turkmenistan
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Ukraine
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Uzbekistan
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 29
|
|
26
|
27
|
26
|
0
|
3
|
21
|
5
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Latin America and the Caribbean |
Argentina
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Bolivia
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Brazil
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Chile
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Colombia
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Costa Rica
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Dominican Republic
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Ecuador
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
El Salvador
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Guatemala
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Guyana
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Haiti
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Honduras
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Jamaica
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Mexico
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
Nicaragua
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Panama
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Paraguay
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Peru
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Puerto Rico
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
Suriname
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
The Bahamas
|
High income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Uruguay
|
High income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Venezuela
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 24
|
|
9
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Middle East and North Africa |
Algeria
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Bahrain
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Egypt
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Iran
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Iraq
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Israel
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Jordan
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Kuwait
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Lebanon
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Libya
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Morocco
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Oman
|
High income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Palestine
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Qatar
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Saudi Arabia
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Syria
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Tunisia
|
Lower middle income
|
✓*
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
United Arab Emirates
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Yemen
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 19
|
|
8
|
7
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
North America |
Canada
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
United States
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 2
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Oceania |
Australia
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Fiji
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Kiribati
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Marshall Islands
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Micronesia
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
New Zealand
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Palau
|
High income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Papua New Guinea
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Samoa
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Solomon Islands
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Tonga
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Vanuatu
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 12
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Angola
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Benin
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Burkina Faso
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Burundi
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Cameroon
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Cape Verde
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Central African Republic
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Chad
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Côte d’Ivoire
|
Lower middle income
|
✓*
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Djibouti
|
Lower middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Ethiopia
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Gabon
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Gambia
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Ghana
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Guinea
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Kenya
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Lesotho
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Liberia
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Madagascar
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Malawi
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Mali
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Mauritius
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Mozambique
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Niger
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Nigeria
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Rwanda
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Senegal
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Seychelles
|
High income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Sierra Leone
|
Low income
|
✓*
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Somalia
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
South Africa
|
Upper middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Tanzania
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Tanzania (Zanzibar)
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Togo
|
Low income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Uganda
|
Low income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Zambia
|
Lower middle income
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
Zimbabwe
|
Lower middle income
|
✓*
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 38
|
|
15
|
11
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
Country or territory |
World Bank Income Group (2021) |
Explicit supportive reference to harm reduction in national policy documents |
At least one needle and syringe programme operational |
At least one opioid agonist therapy operational |
At least one drug consumption room |
Peer distriburion of naloxone |
OAT in at least one prison |
NSP in at least one prison |
Western Europe |
Andorra
|
High income
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
✘
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
Austria
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Belgium
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Cyprus
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Denmark
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Finland
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
France
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Germany
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Greece
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Iceland
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Ireland
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Italy
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Luxembourg
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Malta
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Monaco
|
High income
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
✘
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
Netherlands
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Norway
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
Portugal
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
San Marino
|
High income
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
✘
|
nk
|
nk
|
nk
|
Spain
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Sweden
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
Switzerland
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
Turkey
|
Upper middle income
|
✘
|
✘
|
✓
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
✘
|
United Kingdom
|
High income
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
✓
|
✓
|
✘
|
TOTAL: 24
|
|
20
|
20
|
21
|
10
|
4
|
20
|
4
|
* National Strategy expired but no new has been identified